氧化沟直段水力特性实验研究

文章主要研究氧化沟直段水力特性,并与典型明渠理论对比。采用声学多普勒测速仪(ADV)测量氧化沟模型内流速场,通过对测量数据的拟合分析,得到氧化沟直段流速沿垂向分布、横向分布及沿程变化规律,对水流的流速分布进行对比分析,提出有关氧化沟流场的理论成果(内区流速分布符合对数分布。外区流速分布开始偏离对数分布而趋于二次抛物线分布,用二次抛物线分布能较好地拟合实际分布规律,对内、外分区界限的变化规律进行拟合分析,得到分区界限距渠底的相对高度的统一表达式),与典型明渠理论进行对比,得出氧化沟流场分布及沿程变化与典型明渠明显不同。氧化沟内垂线流速分布存在明显的分区结构,内区流速分布规律与典型明渠中相似,外区流速分布规律与典型明渠中差别很大。     

温岭市排水工程的规划设计

从温岭市的排水工程规划设计出发,针对其水资源缺乏和水环境恶化的现状,从水资源可持续发展的角度提出了污水厂水量平衡、相邻城镇污水分散处理、中水回用和采用生物生态组合型污水处理工艺等策略,并提出了促进城市水资源合理利用的有效措施,对城市排水工程规划设计具有重要的参考价值。     

初冬时期闽江河口区养殖塘排水后的CH4和N2O通量日变化特征

排水活动是河口区养殖塘鱼、虾捕获后的重要管理方式之一.为探讨排水活动对河口区养殖塘温室气体通量的影响,采用静态(悬浮)箱-气相色谱法对初冬时期闽江河口区的未排干和排干养殖塘温室气体(CH_4和N_2O)通量日变化特征进行原位观测.结果表明,(1)未排干与排干养殖塘CH_4通量范围分别介于0.04~0.10 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和14.04~33.72 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),均值分别为(0.07±0.01)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和(24.74±2.33)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),均表现为大气库中CH_4释放源,呈现夜高昼低的特征;(2)未排干养殖塘N_2O通量范围和均值分别介于-0.027~0.011 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和(0.002±0.004)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),整体上呈现昼低夜高的特征,而排干养殖塘N_2O通量范围和均值分别介于0.59~1.76 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和(1.07±0.15)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),整体上呈现昼高夜低的特征.以上研究结果初步揭示,排干初期的河口区养殖塘排水活动不仅显著增加温室气体(CH_4和N_2O)排放强度,也可以显著改变养殖塘温室气体通量的日动态特征.     

Theoretical investigation on the relationship between tail roadway methane drainage and distribution of easily spontaneous combustible region in gob

In order to understand the influence of tail methane drainage pattern on easily spontaneous combustible region in gob, a theoretical qualitative analysis was performed in regards to the spontaneous combustion hazards resulting from drainage position and pressure. Subsequently, the software FLUENT was employed to quantitatively investigate the theoretical solutions by solving the mathematic model established with mass, momentum, component and energy conservation equations. The calculation results demonstrate that methane drainage from alternate exterior roadway to gob can increase the range of easily spontaneous combustible region dramatically; the oxidation zone width increases with increasing drainage pressure, especially near the drainage hole. The rate of temperature rise can accelerate obviously, original high temperature region backs towards gob depth due to enhanced air leakage. The conclusions summarize the negative influence of methane drainage on fire protection in gob and present a method of determining drainage parameters dedicated to prevent spontaneous combustion.     

Rapid regional outburst elimination technology in soft coal seam with soft roof and soft floor

In order to solve the problems in outburst elimination of coal seams with outburst potential, methods of field testing, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are employed in this study. It is found that the horizontal stress concentration surrounding coal unloading boreholes is the primary cause of the coal and gas blowouts in the process of the coal unloading and permeability improvement with high-pressure water jet. The results indicate that low borehole density and inefficient drainage are the main reasons for the occurrence of high outburst indices in the effeteness validation of regional measures to control outbursts. Based on numerical modeling results and onsite parameter testing, reasonable parameters such as borehole density are determined, and hydraulic fracturing is applied to improve coal seam permeability and relieve stress levels so as to eliminate regional outburst potential. The effect is significant in the field application, coal and gas blowout during the coal unloading period with high-pressure water jet is reduced dramatically, and the roadway development rate is increased by 48%. It is demonstrated that the gas drainage combined with the hydraulic fracturing, coal unloading with high-pressure water jet is a practical and effective technique for rapid elimination of coal and gas outburst potential in roadway development.     

基于瓦斯抽采关键封孔参数及新型封孔材料应用研究

针对煤层瓦斯抽采封孔参数选取不合理,传统封孔材料封堵钻孔周边裂隙效果差等主要问题,采用数值模拟、实验室试验及工程实践等多种手段,分析不同封孔方式的漏气效果,研究封孔时效性对瓦斯抽采的影响,完成最优实验配比及性能测试,验证了现场瓦斯抽采效果。结果表明:全封孔方式抽采效果优于半封孔,合理控制封孔时效性,钻孔周边围岩破坏减少,封孔效果提高;正交试验确定材料最优配比即复合早强剂0.3%、复合缓凝剂0.5%、膨胀剂0.03%、水灰比1.2;试样周围充斥着交叉、贯通的“网状结构”钙矾石,且呈现多而密的粗棒状结构;材料具备塑性变形特性,持续变形量大;与矿方原封孔材料相比,新型封孔材料封孔后瓦斯抽采浓度提高193.3%,抽采周期明显延长,抽采效果显著提高。     

基于地层条件下煤层瓦斯流动模拟研究

为了研究地层条件下瓦斯流动特点,通过建立瓦斯吸附-解吸、扩散和渗流综合流动数学模型,分析不同埋深条件下瓦斯流动机制,并模拟吸附层和滑脱效应对瓦斯流动的影响。结果表明:随煤层埋深增加,部分纳米孔隙内瓦斯流动机制由扩散过渡到渗流,这有利于瓦斯运移;在煤层深部,瓦斯吸附层和滑脱效应对瓦斯渗流作用影响不大;随埋深增加,瓦斯吸附层对瓦斯运移影响逐步增大,而滑脱效应则逐步弱化;在埋深相同时,两者对瓦斯运移的影响都随孔隙直径增大而减小。研究有助于深入了解瓦斯在深部煤层流动的机制,提高深部煤层瓦斯抽采效果。     

Combined reticular blind drainage and vertical hierarchical drainage system for landfills located in areas with high rainfall and high groundwater level

A novel water control technology that combines the features of a reticular blind drainage system and a vertical hierarchical drainage system is developed and applied in the Yanziyan Sanitary Landfill, which is located at an area (Loudi City, Hunan Province, China) with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The reticular blind drain system, which was installed on the bottom and side walls of the landfill site, can conveniently guide the flow of groundwater out of the site while preventing a disorganized flow of groundwater. The vertical hierarchical drainage system was installed to separate rainfall water and leachate in the landfill site, thus efficiently reducing the pressure of leachate treatment. The whole drainage system plays a key role in foundation stabilization by seepage control and separation and in the instant drainage of rainfall water. The leachate reduction efficiency of the drainage technology was calculated in terms of leachate production before (336519 m³) and after (29664 m³) technology application. Over 90% of leachate derived from rainfall water and groundwater inflow was avoided upon installation of the vertical hierarchical drainage and reticular blind drainage systems. The technology can thus be popularized and applied for water control in landfills located in areas with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The proposed technology can be used to alleviate the pressure of leachate treatment and to reduce the risk of instability.     

松软突出煤层水平钻孔反循环气力排屑机理

为了解决顺层钻进瓦斯抽放钻孔成孔难的问题,提出了松软突出煤层瓦斯抽放钻孔钻杆内孔反循环气力排屑新技术,建立煤屑颗粒在钻杆内孔的反循环气力输送数学模型,经仿真求解,分析了输送压力损失及固相速度的变化规律。结果表明,在顺层水平钻孔钻进过程中,煤屑在反循环气力作用下,气流速度在钻杆内孔中上部比较稳定,而在钻杆内孔下部靠近内壁处的气流速度明显下降且小于中心区域;在同一位置输送浓度越大,气流速度也越大;在输送浓度不同的情况下,随着输送气流速度的增加,钻杆内孔的压力损失先降低再增高,在钻杆内孔反循环气力排屑时存在最佳经济速度。     

混合液回流比对改良型氧化沟工艺反硝化除磷的影响

以生活污水培养驯化污泥的小试规模氧化沟工艺为研究对象,进行了混合液回流比为100%、200%和300%时对反硝化除磷的影响研究。结果表明:在试验条件下,混合液回流比对TP去除效果影响不大,但去除途径不同,当混合液回流比为200%和300%时,TP主要是在缺氧区通过反硝化除磷去除的,而混合液回流比为100%时,TP主要是在好氧区去除的;随着混合液回流比增加,NH+4-N和TN去除率也有所增加。在混合液回流比为200%时,系统脱氮除磷效果最好,出水TP和TN去除率分别达到93.9%和82.6%,且NO-3-N可以在缺氧区作为电子受体提供给反硝化除磷。从控制运行能耗和反硝化除磷的角度综合考虑,混合液回流比控制在200%是较适宜的。